Have you ever wondered what body type you have and what it means for your health?
Generally speaking, there are three primary body types — ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph — though many people have a combination of features or body types, also known as somatotypes.
- Ectomorphs are lean without much body fat.
- Mesomorphs have a more muscular frame and higher muscle mass.
- Endomorphs are curvier with more body fat.
Despite differences in appearance, the skeletal structure is roughly the same for each body type, said Endeavor Health sports medicine specialist Kirsten Geary, MD.
“While body types are related to muscle makeup and are the result of genetic predisposition, different body types should not restrict or define anyone’s activity levels,” said Dr. Geary.
Ectomorphs typically have narrow shoulders and may have a faster metabolism. Mesomorphs are often characterized as a naturally athletic build, while endomorphs often have a wider waist and softer appearance.
Staying active for all types
People are born with a body type and can’t really change that over time, but they can and should exercise to help build muscle and maintain a healthy weight, added Dr. Geary.
“Don’t let your body type make you feel limited; it’s important to stay active,” she said. Some ectomorphs may find it harder to build muscle mass, and endomorphs may find it more challenging to lose body fat, but exercise has overall health benefits for everyone.
For larger people, there may be some resistance to heading to a gym or thinking they can participate in certain sports or activities, but Dr. Geary encourages both body acceptance and the pursuit of regular movement.
“No matter what it looks like, treat your body like it’s special,” said Dr. Geary.
Reducing the risk of injury
Smaller, ectomorph women are at higher risk for developing osteoporosis, a condition where weaker bones are more likely to fracture. Weight-bearing exercise, including walking, jogging and strength training with weights, or body work like yoga, are particularly important for naturally slender women to help build strong bones.
“Exercises like yoga and Pilates are great and any body type can do them,” said Dr. Geary. “Strengthening your core with these kinds of activities is so good and helps prevent back problems and other injuries.”
For those just beginning an exercise program, working with an experienced trainer or physical therapist can help with proper body mechanics and alignment, which limits the risk of injury. Maximizing mechanics and body position while exercising becomes more important as we age and naturally lose muscle mass and can become more prone to injury.
Good nutrition is important for all body types, and Dr. Geary suggests people consume whole food with lots of fruits and vegetables and limit excess sugar and ultra-processed foods.
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