According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), one in two women and up to one in four men over age 50 will break a bone due to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is defined as low bone mineral density that puts people at higher risk for low-impact bone fractures. While it is not limited strictly to older adults, it is most common in women over 65.
White and Asian women are at higher risk for developing osteoporosis, as well as those who had early menopause, a family history of the condition, low body weight, a history of fractures and little to no physical exercise. Fractures from osteoporosis have a negative impact on quality of life and can lead to increased disability and mortality, so adopting prevention strategies is paramount to preserving a healthy future.
“Maintaining an active lifestyle including weight-bearing exercise is critical for bone health and helping to prevent osteoporosis,” said Endeavor Health sports medicine specialist Shannon Powers, DO.
Weight-bearing exercise whether it’s running, walking, lifting weights, working with bands, or yoga serves a dual purpose of building bone health, and building strength which helps prevent falls and injuries, said Dr. Powers.
For people with a history of fractures, those who have already been diagnosed with osteoporosis, or osteopenia, which is lower than normal bone density and can be an early sign of osteoporosis, supplementing with calcium and Vitamin D may be advised, said Dr. Powers, who suggests checking with your physician.
Eating a well-balanced diet with fruits, vegetables, dairy and sufficient protein can help ensure that you are getting important minerals and nutrients to promote bone health, she added.
Bone density tests are recommended for women over 65 and those with a history of fractures or other risk factors. The screening is a noninvasive X-ray to measure bone mineral density and bone loss. Men don’t routinely get screened, but for those with a history of fractures, Dr. Powers recommends they talk to their physician about a bone density test.
A hip fracture, which is common in those with osteoporosis, can set off a cascade of negative events, explained Dr. Powers, who encourages people to do whatever they can to stay strong and active. For those who have already been diagnosed with osteoporosis, she suggests meeting with their physician to consider treatment options such as bisphosphonates medications.
“People may have a fear of these drugs as there are some exceedingly rare complications, but it’s worth having a conversation with your physician given the very negative consequences of hip fractures,” said Dr. Powers.
As the population continues to age, the number of osteoporotic fractures is expected to increase dramatically. According to the IOF, approximately 300,000 hip fractures occur annually in the United States, and approximately 25% of those who experience a hip fracture die in the year following the fracture. Another 25% are forced to move from a hospital to a nursing home and are unable to return home.