Understanding blood cancers

Blood cancers affect the production and function of blood cells, typically starting in the bone marrow or lymphatic system. These cancers can impair the body's ability to fight infection, transport oxygen and control bleeding — often leading to complications in other organs such as the kidneys, bones or nervous system.

At Endeavor Health, our subspecialty experts provide comprehensive care for blood cancers, from advanced molecular diagnostic testing done in our own laboratories, through treatment and survivorship. We combine compassionate support with the latest innovations in targeted therapy, immunotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.

Types of blood cancers

Leukemia

Lymphoma

Multiple myeloma

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

Benign blood conditions

Not all blood conditions are cancerous. Our hematology experts also diagnose and manage benign (noncancerous) blood disorders, such as anemia, clotting and bleeding disorders (e.g., hemophilia), and blood cell or platelet abnormalities. Here, you’ll receive coordinated evaluation and treatment designed to help you manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve your quality of life.

Blood cancer tests & screenings

There are no standard screenings for blood cancers. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, a peripheral blood smear and, if needed, a bone marrow biopsy and aspiration.

Leukemia

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that results in the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, impairing the body's ability to fight infection and make normal blood cells.

Symptoms

Persistent fatigue
Frequent infections
Prolonged low-grade fever
Easy bruising or bleeding
Nosebleeds

Screening and diagnosis

Blood tests to check for abnormal white blood cells
Peripheral blood smear to examine cell structure
Bone marrow biopsy to assess marrow health

Treatment options

Chemotherapy
Targeted therapies
Immunotherapy
Stem cell transplantation and cell therapy

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system that affects lymph nodes and lymphocytes, critical components of the immune system.

Symptoms

Swollen lymph nodes
Persistent fatigue
Night sweats
Weight loss
Frequent infections

Screening and diagnosis

Lymph node biopsy to analyze affected tissue
Blood tests for lymphoma markers
Imaging tests (CT/PET scans) to detect lymph node involvement

Treatment options

Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Targeted therapies
Radiation therapy
Stem cell transplant and CAR-T cell therapy

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in the bone marrow. It interferes with the production of healthy blood cells and can weaken bones, impair kidney function, and increase the risk of infection.

Symptoms

Bone pain or fractures
Fatigue
Frequent infections
Anemia
High calcium levels (hypercalcemia)

Screening and diagnosis

Blood and urine tests to detect abnormal proteins
Bone marrow biopsy to examine plasma cells
Imaging tests (X-ray, MRI, PET scans) to detect bone damage

Treatment options

Chemotherapy
Targeted therapies
Immunotherapy
Stem cell transplantation and CAR-T cell therapy
Radiation therapy

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of disorders where blood-forming cells in the bone marrow become abnormal, leading to ineffective blood cell production and a risk of progression to leukemia.

Symptoms

Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Frequent infections
Easy bruising or bleeding

Screening and diagnosis

Blood tests to evaluate cell counts
Peripheral blood smear to check cell shape and maturity
Bone marrow biopsy to confirm abnormalities

Treatment options

Supportive care (transfusions, growth factors)
Chemotherapy
Targeted therapies
Stem cell transplantation

Why choose Endeavor Health?

We’re redefining what it means to receive expert cancer care close to home. From the latest diagnostic tools to a personalized treatment plan and supportive services, our approach is centered on you. Here are a few ways our team makes a difference in blood cancer care.

Our hematologists, oncologists, pathologists, geneticists and other experts work together to create a treatment plan tailored to you.

We use next-generation diagnostics to identify specific mutations and risk factors, helping guide the most effective therapy.

We participate in national research networks, giving you early access to the latest therapies not widely available elsewhere.

From nutrition and integrative medicine to financial advocacy and survivorship programs, we support your wellbeing at every step.

Blood cancers FAQ

How are blood cancers diagnosed?

Blood cancers are diagnosed through blood tests, peripheral blood smear analysis and, in some cases, bone marrow biopsy.

What are the first signs of a blood cancer?

Common early symptoms include fatigue, frequent infections, unexplained weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and bruising or bleeding easily.

Are blood cancers hereditary?

While most blood cancers are not inherited, having a family history may increase risk. Your care team can provide genetic counseling if needed.

Can blood cancer be cured?

Some blood cancers can be cured, especially if diagnosed early. Others can often be managed long term with targeted treatment plans.

What treatments are available at Endeavor Health?

We offer chemotherapy, targeted therapies, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplant, CAR-T cell therapy, bispecific antibodies and access to clinical trials.

Learn more

Clinical trials & research

Endeavor Health participates in groundbreaking clinical trials through national oncology clinical trial cooperatives — such as NRG Oncology, ECOG-ACRIN and Alliance — as well as our own investigator-initiated studies. We also offer innovative opportunities through the Kellogg Cancer Center’s personal genomics program and comprehensive biobank. These resources expand options for diagnosis, treatment and survivorship across cancer types.

Learn more about clinical trials