Cervical cancer

Early cervical cancer often has no symptoms. As it progresses, however, symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, unusual discharge, pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.

Most women should begin screening at 21, then from ages 30-65 schedule a Pap smear with HPV testing every 3-5 years. Depending on your unique circumstances, your doctor may recommend this screening more or less frequently.

Yes, it can. The HPV vaccine protects against the strains of HPV that most often lead to cervical cancer. It’s most effective when given before any exposure to the virus — ideally around ages 11 to 12, before the onset of sexual activity — but it can still be beneficial later in life.

Cervical cancer stages range from I to IV. Early-stage cervical cancer is limited to the cervix, while later stages (II-IV) mean that the cancer has spread beyond it. In some cases, abnormal cells may be classified as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1, 2 or 3), which is considered precancerous. Staging helps physicians give you an accurate diagnosis and understand how to guide your treatment.

Treatment depends on the stage of disease, your health history and personal preference. Your unique treatment journey may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or a combination of these modalities. Clinical trials may also be an option.